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  1. Social Baseline Theory: The Social Regulation of Risk and Effort – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed January 2, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375548/
  2. Relationship status and perceived support in the social regulation of neural responses to threat – Oxford Academic, accessed January 2, 2026, https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/12/10/1574/3980283
  3. R is for Repair – The Gottman Institute, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.gottman.com/blog/r-is-for-repair/
  4. What Is The Codependency Triangle? – Modern Therapy Group, accessed January 2, 2026, https://moderntherapygroup.com/what-is-the-codependency-triangle/
  5. Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed January 2, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2910600/
  6. Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review | PLOS Medicine, accessed January 2, 2026, https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
  7. Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review, accessed January 2, 2026, https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1996/
  8. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review – PubMed, accessed January 2, 2026, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25910392/
  9. Social Baseline Theory and Perception: How our relationships ground us to our neurological starting point, accessed January 2, 2026, https://lauraefox.medium.com/social-baseline-theory-and-perception-how-our-relationships-ground-us-to-our-neurological-starting-5cbb9e1a9068
  10. Social Baseline Theory: Health, Well-Being, and the Social Regulation of Effort, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.mindandlife.org/session/social-baseline-theory-health-well-being-and-the-social-regulation-of-effort/
  11. Stress, Psychological Resources, and HPA and Inflammatory Reactivity During Late Adolescence – PMC – NIH, accessed January 2, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6363904/
  12. Effects of Social Isolation on Glucocorticoid Regulation in Social Mammals – PMC, accessed January 2, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3449017/
  13. Social Isolation: A Narrative Review on the Dangerous Liaison between the Autonomic Nervous System and Inflammation – MDPI, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/6/1229
  14. Gottman Repair Attempts: 6 Best Statements to Use – The Relationship Place, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.sdrelationshipplace.com/gottman-method-guide/repair-attempts/
  15. Psychologist John Gottman’s “Relationship Repair Checklist” : r/ZenHabits – Reddit, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.reddit.com/r/ZenHabits/comments/4a4w5y/psychologist_john_gottmans_relationship_repair/
  16. The Karpman Drama Triangle and the Empowerment Triangle: A Path to Healthier Relationships – Chris Collins Therapy, accessed January 2, 2026, https://chriscollinscounseling.com/the-karpman-drama-triangle-and-the-empowerment-triangle-a-path-to-healthier-relationships/
  17. Army Strong Starts at Home: Building Bonds Through Active Responding, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.armyresilience.army.mil/ard/r2/Army-Strong-Starts-at-Home.html
  18. What is Active Constructive Responding? – Positive Psychology, accessed January 2, 2026, https://positivepsychology.com/active-constructive-communication/
  19. Perry Voices on Third Spaces – Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.extension.iastate.edu/dallas/files/documents/Perry%20Voices%20on%20Third%20Spaces%20Report-%20LWaterman.pdf
  20. Third place – Wikipedia, accessed January 2, 2026, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_place
  21. “Third places” as community builders – Brookings Institution, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/third-places-as-community-builders/
  22. Informal relationships collapse and singleness surges in U.S. – Sociology, accessed January 2, 2026, https://sociology.stanford.edu/informal-relationships-collapse-and-singleness-surges-us
  23. 23. Social Network Webbing – Liberating Structures, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.liberatingstructures.com/23-social-network-webbing/
  24. Active Listening Techniques: Best Practices for Leaders – CCL.org, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/coaching-others-use-active-listening-skills/
  25. Effective active listening: Examples, techniques & exercises – Asana, accessed January 2, 2026, https://asana.com/resources/active-listening
  26. Active Listening | Practice – Greater Good in Action – University of California, Berkeley, accessed January 2, 2026, https://ggia.berkeley.edu/practice/active_listening
  27. Active Constructive Responding in the classroom – Berry Street, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.berrystreet.org.au/news/active-constructive-responding-in-the-classroom
  28. (PDF) A Diversified Portfolio Model of Adaptability – ResearchGate, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311976320_A_diversified_portfolio_model_of_adaptability
  29. Relational Diversity in Social Portfolios Predicts Well-Being – Article – Faculty & Research, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=62955
  30. Achieve efficiency in groups using Dunbar’s number – Roland Berger, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Insights/Publications/Achieve-efficiency-in-groups-using-Dunbar-s-number.html
  31. ‘Dunbar’s number’ deconstructed | Biology Letters | The Royal Society, accessed January 2, 2026, https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsbl/article/17/5/20210158/62916/Dunbar-s-number-deconstructed-Dunbar-s-number
  32. The All-or-Nothing Marriage – Northwestern Magazine, accessed January 2, 2026, https://magazine.northwestern.edu/features/the-all-or-nothing-marriage
  33. The All-or-Nothing Marriage — Eli J. Finkel, accessed January 2, 2026, https://elifinkel.com/allornothingmarriage
  34. When Less Is More: Implications of the ‘All-or-Nothing Marriage’ for Relationship Education, accessed January 2, 2026, https://ifstudies.org/blog/when-less-is-more-implications-of-the-all-or-nothing-marriage-for-relationship-education
  35. Lovehacks and More: Northwestern Magazine, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/spring2018/feature/the-all-or-nothing-marriage-folder/lovehacks-and-more.html
  36. Evolutionary Ecology of Human Pair-Bonds – Washington State University, accessed January 2, 2026, https://wpcdn.web.wsu.edu/wp-labs/uploads/sites/1932/2018/01/quinlan_quinlan_2007_pair-bonds.pdf
  37. Are We Monogamous? A Review of the Evolution of Pair-Bonding in Humans and Its Contemporary Variation Cross-Culturally – Frontiers, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00230/full
  38. Are We Monogamous? A Review of the Evolution of Pair-Bonding in Humans and Its Contemporary Variation Cross-Culturally – Department of Anthropology, accessed January 2, 2026, https://anthro.utah.edu/research/ethno_lab/publications/kramer_7-17-2019.php
  39. Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals – PNAS, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2220124120
  40. Online dating is the most popular way couples meet | Stanford Report, accessed January 2, 2026, https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/online-dating-popular-way-u-s-couples-meet
  41. An Experimental Test of Jealousy’s Evolved Function: Imagined Partner Infidelity Induces Jealousy, Which Predicts Positive Attitude Towards Mate Retention – NIH, accessed January 2, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11363030/
  42. Jealousy and evolutive psychology : r/AskSocialScience – Reddit, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.reddit.com/r/AskSocialScience/comments/1jfylca/jealousy_and_evolutive_psychology/
  43. The Short Guide on how to overcome Retroactive Jealousy : r/retroactivejealousy – Reddit, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.reddit.com/r/retroactivejealousy/comments/i8mebd/the_short_guide_on_how_to_overcome_retroactive/
  44. (PDF) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Jealousy – ResearchGate, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270541421_Cognitive_Behavioral_Therapy_for_Jealousy
  45. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Romantic Jealousy | Psychology …, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/anxiety-files/201909/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-romantic-jealousy
  46. How to Keep Jealousy From Sabotaging Your Relationship – SelfWorks, accessed January 2, 2026, https://selfworksgroup.com/how-to-keep-jealousy-from-sabotaging-your-relationship/
  47. ACT With Common Relationship Issues Russ Harris … – ACT Mindfully, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.actmindfully.com.au/upimages/ACT_with_Love_-_2013_-_pdf_of_powerpoint_presentation.pdf
  48. Russ Harris: ACT Training Part 1 – Association for Contextual Behavioral Science, accessed January 2, 2026, https://contextualscience.org/files/ACT%20Made%20Simple%20A%20Quick%20Start%20Guide%20to%20ACT%20Basics%20and%20Beyond%202%20day%20preconference%20workshop%20handout%20FINAL.pdf
  49. Recognizing the Drama Triangle: A Guide to Empowerment – Denver Wellness Counseling, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.denverwellnesscounseling.com/blog/recognizing-the-drama-triangle-a-guide-to-empowerment
  50. The Drama Triangle: A Blueprint for Dysfunctional Relationships, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.thebodhitreepsychology.com.au/post/the-drama-triangle-a-blueprint-for-dysfunctional-relationships
  51. Moving from Drama to Empowerment – Dice Business, accessed January 2, 2026, https://dicebusiness.co.uk/moving-from-drama-to-empowerment%EF%BF%BC/
  52. Pie Chart – Responsibility – Psychology Tools, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.psychologytools.com/resource/pie-chart-responsibility
  53. RESPONSIBILITY PIE CHART | Dynamic You, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.dynamicyou.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/RESPONSIBILITY-PIE-CHART.pdf
  54. “We” Version – Recovery Patterns of Codependence, accessed January 2, 2026, https://codauk.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/CLC-Related-to-Motion-3-We-Recovery-I-Patterns.pdf
  55. Recovery Patterns of CoDA — Colorado Co-Dependents Anonymous (CoDA), accessed January 2, 2026, https://coloradocoda.com/recovery-patterns
  56. Gottman Repair Checklist – The Relationship Suite, accessed January 2, 2026, https://relationshipsuite.com/gottman-repair-checklist/
  57. Repair Checklist.fh – Postpartum Support International, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.postpartum.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Clancy-and-Cross.-Gottman1-Handout.pdf
  58. 25 REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS TO EVALUATE YOUR FRIENDSHIPS, accessed January 2, 2026, https://www.friendshipwithintention.com/blog/25-reflective-questions-to-evaluate-your-friendships
  59. The Friend Audit – Do You Have The Friendships You Need In Your Life?, accessed January 2, 2026, https://yourbestlifeuk.com/the-friend-audit-how-to-work-out-if-you-have-the-friendships-you-need-in-your-life/

Building Relationships

  1. Social Baseline Theory: State of the Science and New Directions – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352534423_Social_Baseline_Theory_State_of_the_Science_and_New_Directions
  2. (PDF) Cognitive Processes Unfold in a Social Context: A Review and Extension of Social Baseline Theory – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339826451_Cognitive_Processes_Unfold_in_a_Social_Context_A_Review_and_Extension_of_Social_Baseline_Theory
  3. Social Allostasis and Social Allostatic Load: A New Model for Research in Social Dynamics, Stress, and Health | brainproof, accessed December 31, 2025, https://brainproof.se/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Saxbe-et-el-2020.-Social-Allostasis-and-Social-Allostatic-Load-A-New-Model-for-Research-in-Social-Dynamics-Stress-and-Health.pdf
  4. Stress Regulation via Being in Nature and Social Support in Adults, a Meta-analysis, accessed December 31, 2025, https://online.ucpress.edu/collabra/article/9/1/77343/196335/Stress-Regulation-via-Being-in-Nature-and-Social
  5. Reflecting on Dunbar’s numbers: Individual differences in energy …, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11896044/
  6. Dunbar Number: Understanding the Limits of Human Relationships – The Pasadena Village, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.pasadenavillage.org/blog_posts/816-dunbar-number:-understanding-the-limits-of-human-relationships
  7. Dunbar’s number – Wikipedia, accessed December 31, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar%27s_number
  8. Two-streams hypothesis – Wikipedia, accessed December 31, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-streams_hypothesis
  9. What Is a Visual Stream? – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11602008/
  10. Joy Hirsch, PhD | Yale School of Medicine, accessed December 31, 2025, https://medicine.yale.edu/profile/joy-hirsch/
  11. Zoom Conversations vs In-Person: Brain Activity Tells a Different Tale – Neuroscience News, accessed December 31, 2025, https://neurosciencenews.com/zoom-conversations-social-neuroscience-24996/
  12. Zooming in on our brains on Zoom | Yale News, accessed December 31, 2025, https://news.yale.edu/2023/10/25/zooming-our-brains-zoom
  13. Separable processes for live “in-person” and live “zoom-like” faces – PubMed, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40799691/
  14. Data: Separable processes for live “in-person” and “zoom-like” faces – Dryad, accessed December 31, 2025, https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.zpc866tct
  15. Separable processes for live “in-person” and live “zoom-like” faces | Imaging Neuroscience, accessed December 31, 2025, https://direct.mit.edu/imag/article/doi/10.1162/imag_a_00027/117875/Separable-processes-for-live-in-person-and-live
  16. F2F Vs Zoom – Research | PDF | Electroencephalography | Brain – Scribd, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.scribd.com/document/895574600/F2F-vs-Zoom-Research
  17. Social Touch: Its Mirror-like Responses and Implications in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases – PMC, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11523712/
  18. The Neurobiology Shaping Affective Touch: Expectation, Motivation, and Meaning in the Multisensory Context – PubMed Central, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4701942/
  19. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders – Frontiers, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044/full
  20. Touch starvation – Wikipedia, accessed December 31, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_starvation
  21. Touch starvation is a consequence of COVID-19’s physical distancing – TMC News, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.tmc.edu/news/2020/05/touch-starvation/
  22. Self-soothing touch and being hugged reduce cortisol responses to stress: A randomized controlled trial on stress, physical touch, and social identity – PMC – NIH, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9216399/
  23. (PDF) Huggable communication medium decreases cortisol levels – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258035400_Huggable_communication_medium_decreases_cortisol_levels
  24. Touch Starvation: What to Know – WebMD, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.webmd.com/balance/touch-starvation
  25. Skin Hunger, Touch Starvation, and Hug Deprivation – Psychology Today, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/lifetime-connections/202011/skin-hunger-touch-starvation-and-hug-deprivation
  26. Why Inspiring Stories Make Us React: The Neuroscience of Narrative – PubMed Central, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4445577/
  27. Dopamine vs. Oxytocin: Reclaiming Connection in a Busy, Digital World | RCUK, accessed December 31, 2025, https://rcuk.com/dopamine-vs-oxytocin-reclaiming-connection-in-a-busy-digital-world/
  28. Why Real and Social connections are important | Lifebonder, accessed December 31, 2025, https://lifebonder.com/blog/2025/03/13/build-real-connections/
  29. Why Oxytocin = The New Dopamine.. The Trust Molecule – Medium, accessed December 31, 2025, https://medium.com/the-digital-contrarian/why-oxytocin-the-new-dopamine-47d3ebe321e0-049-47d3ebe321e0
  30. The Neuroscience of Love and Connection, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/blog/brain-health/the-neuroscience-of-love-and-connection/
  31. Love and the Brain | Harvard Medical School, accessed December 31, 2025, https://hms.harvard.edu/news-events/publications-archive/brain/love-brain
  32. The Predictive Utility of Reward-Based Motives Underlying Excessive and Problematic Social Networking Site Use – NIH, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9483697/
  33. How Digital Media Made Us Dopamine Addicts, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.federicoferrarese.co.uk/2025/01/01/digital-media-and-dopamine/
  34. Addictive potential of social media, explained – Stanford Medicine, accessed December 31, 2025, https://med.stanford.edu/news/insights/2021/10/addictive-potential-of-social-media-explained.html
  35. Myeloid differentiation architecture of leukocyte transcriptome dynamics in perceived social isolation | PNAS, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1514249112
  36. Loneliness, eudaimonia, and the human conserved transcriptional response to adversity – PubMed, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26246388/
  37. The Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6779418/
  38. The Association Between Loneliness and Inflammation: Findings From an Older Adult Sample – Frontiers, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.801746/full
  39. Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation – HHS.gov, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf
  40. 15 Cigarettes — Dr. Julianne Holt-Lunstad, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.julianneholtlunstad.com/15-cigarettes
  41. Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review – Department of Psychology, accessed December 31, 2025, https://local.psy.miami.edu/faculty/dmessinger/c_c/rsrcs/rdgs/emot/PerspectivesonPsychologicalScience-2015-Holt-Lunstad-227-37.pdf
  42. Social isolation, loneliness and the relationship with serum biomarkers, functional parameters and mortality in older adults – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12049398/
  43. Loneliness, eudaimonia, and the human conserved transcriptional response to adversity – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4637182/
  44. (PDF) Supernormal Stimuli in the Media – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263926111_Supernormal_Stimuli_in_the_Media
  45. Supernormal Stimuli | Evolutionary Medicine – ScholarBlogs, accessed December 31, 2025, https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/evolutionarymedicine/2014/03/03/supernormal-stimuli/
  46. (PDF) Social Media Ills and Evolutionary Mismatches: A Conceptual Framework, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382149297_Social_Media_Ills_and_Evolutionary_Mismatches_A_Conceptual_Framework
  47. A teleofunctional account of evolutionary mismatch – PMC – NIH, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4901103/
  48. Mistakenly Seeking Solitude | Journal of Experimental Psychology: General – Meet the Berkeley-Haas Faculty, accessed December 31, 2025, https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/jschroeder/Publications/Epley&Schroeder2014.pdf
  49. Sydney chapter, accessed December 31, 2025, https://sydneysymposium.unsw.edu.au/2004/Papers/Outcast-Gardner2.doc
  50. Our crisis is not loneliness but human beings becoming invisible | Aeon Essays, accessed December 31, 2025, https://aeon.co/essays/our-crisis-is-not-loneliness-but-human-beings-becoming-invisible
  51. Communication outside of the home through social media during COVID-19 – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353124517_Communication_outside_of_the_home_through_social_media_during_COVID-19
  52. Social Snacking with a virtual agent – On the interrelation of need to belong and effects of social responsiveness when interacting with artificial entities | Request PDF – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319568837_Social_Snacking_with_a_virtual_agent_-_On_the_interrelation_of_need_to_belong_and_effects_of_social_responsiveness_when_interacting_with_artificial_entities
  53. (PDF) Proposing the Communicate Bond Belong Theory: Evolutionary Intersections With Episodic Interpersonal Communication – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309544892_Proposing_the_Communicate_Bond_Belong_Theory_Evolutionary_Intersections_With_Episodic_Interpersonal_Communication_Proposing_the_Communicate_Bond_Belong_Theory
  54. (PDF) Parasocial Interaction, Parasocial Relationships, and Well-Being – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321586609_Parasocial_Interaction_Parasocial_Relationships_and_Well-Being
  55. (PDF) Feeling Better…But Also Less Lonely? An Experimental Comparison of How Parasocial and Social Relationships Affect People’s Well-Being – ResearchGate, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364140948_Feeling_Betterbut_Also_Less_Lonely_An_Experimental_Comparison_of_How_Parasocial_and_Social_Relationships_Affect_People’s_Well-Being
  56. Parasocial Relationships and Depression Among LGBQ Emerging Adults Living With Their Parents During COVID-19: The Potential for Online Support – NIH, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10817715/
  57. The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media – PMC – NIH, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4830464/
  58. Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3874845/
  59. Can Chatbots Ever Provide More Social Connection Than Humans? | Collabra: Psychology, accessed December 31, 2025, https://online.ucpress.edu/collabra/article/10/1/117083/200680/Can-Chatbots-Ever-Provide-More-Social-Connection
  60. Neurotransmitter Dopamine (DA) and its Role in the Development of Social Media Addiction, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.iomcworld.org/open-access/neurotransmitter-dopamine-da-and-its-role-in-the-development-of-social-media-addiction-59222.html
  61. Parasocial Interactions and Relationships in Early Adolescence – Frontiers, accessed December 31, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00255/full
  62. The recovery function of parasocial relationships for hopelessness on short-form video platforms: a moderated mediation study – NIH, accessed December 31, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12573904/

Status , Power, and Defense

  1. EVOLUTIONARY FOUNDATIONS OF HIERARCHY 1 The Evolutionary Foundations of Hierarchy: Status, Dominance, Prestige, and Leadership – Mark van Vugt, accessed January 1, 2026, https://www.professormarkvanvugt.com/images/files/Handbook_of_Evolutionary_Psychologymvv2014rev.pdf
  2. Understanding Social Hierarchies: The Neural and Psychological Foundations of Status Perception – PMC – PubMed Central, accessed January 1, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5494206/
  3. accessed January 1, 2026, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6549959/#:~:text=According%20to%20Henrich%20%26%20Gil%2DWhite,knowledgeable%20in%20a%20certain%20domain.
  4. Dual strategies theory – Wikipedia, accessed January 1, 2026, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_strategies_theory
  5. (PDF) Prestige and Dominance: a review of the Dual Evolutionary Model of Social Hierarchy, accessed January 1, 2026, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338202490_Prestige_and_Dominance_a_review_of_the_Dual_Evolutionary_Model_of_Social_Hierarchy
  6. The evolution of prestige Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission – Description, accessed January 1, 2026, https://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~henrich/Website/Papers/hen&gil.pdf
  7. The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission | Joseph Henrich – Harvard University, accessed January 1, 2026, https://henrich.fas.harvard.edu/publications/evolution-prestige-freely-conferred-deference-mechanism-enhancing-benefits
  8. Full article: Costly signaling in human sciences – Taylor & Francis, accessed January 1, 2026, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09515089.2024.2445697
  9. Two signals of social rank: Prestige and dominance are associated with distinct nonverbal displays – PubMed, accessed January 1, 2026, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31021104/
  10. Leaders show distinct body language depending on whether they gain authority through prestige or dominance, accessed January 1, 2026, https://www.bps.org.uk/research-digest/leaders-show-distinct-body-language-depending-whether-they-gain-authority-through
  11. When size does matter: Dominance versus prestige based status signaling – ResearchGate, accessed January 1, 2026, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332323640_When_size_does_matter_Dominance_versus_prestige_based_status_signaling
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Interaction Optimization

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Self-sabotage Vs Toxicity

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